The Language of Business Intelligence - P/Q
Most comprehensive business intelligence glossary by Vernon Prior. Market & competitive intelligence thesaurus and glossary. Terms and terminology used in business intelligence.
A B C D E F G H I/J K L M N O P/Q R S T U V W XYZ
Pareto principle was formulated by Italian statistician and economist, Vilfredo Pareto (1848 – 1923). It states that: In any series of elements to be controlled, a selected small fraction in terms of number of elements almost always accounts for a large fraction in terms of effect. This was subsequently developed into the 80/20 rule and applied to real-world situations in which there is a question of effectiveness versus diminishing returns on effort, expense, or time.
Parkinson’s law (also known as the Rising pyramid) states that: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. Proposed by C Northcote Parkinson (1958).
Passive disinformation, see Disinformation. Password is a Code used to gain access to a secure system. It may take the form of a word or phrase, or any combination of numbers and letters (in both upper and lower case). See also: Authentication, Corporate security.
Patent is a government authority to an individual or organization conferring a right or title to make, import, use, offer for sale, or sell an Invention or discovery made in the natural world. It gives the patentee the right to take legal action against unauthorized used of the invention (known as infringement) for a fixed period. A patent cannot be granted for the following:
• an aesthetic creation, such as a literary, dramatic, or artistic work;
• a computer program;
• a discovery not made in the natural world;
• a mathematical method;
• a scheme or method for performing a mental act, playing a game, or doing business;
• a scientific theory;
• the presentation of Information.
See also: Copyright, Intellectual property, Patent specification.
Patent specification is a Document that describes an Invention. See also: Intellectual property, Patent.
Periodical is a publication that is issued at regular or stated intervals, such as a Journal or Magazine.
Personal mobility is the term given to recent developments in personal communications, including mobile telephones, facsimile machines, and networks; the ultimate aim being to provide each individual with one unique, universally applicable contact number. See also: Network.
Personalization is a search engine information retrieval technique in which results are based on the individual’s past search behavior. It is the current equivalent of Selective dissemination of Information (SDI).
Phase-frequency analysis reveals the pervasive themes of a Database. See also: Data mining.
Phase-proximity analysis discloses the relationships among pervasive themes in a Database. See also: Data mining.
Phishing is the fraudulent use of email to persuade recipients to disclose personal information, such as bank account numbers and passwords. See also: Corporate security, Electronic mail, Password.
Point-to-point protocol (PPP) is a means whereby an individual computer communicates with an Internet service provider (ISP).
Portal is a Web site that acts as a Gateway to the Internet by providing a broad and diverse range of services, including directories, Search engines or, links, email, reference tools, forums or chat facilities, access to online shopping and banking, games, entertainment, and so on. See also: Directory, Electronic mail, Mega-portal, Vortal.
Portfolio analysis provides a framework to assess relative Opportunities and to enhance the return on investment (RoI) in a company’s portfolio of businesses. It is used to optimize the allocation of available resources among strong and weak products, brands, or business units. See also: Predictive analytics.
Precis is an abridged, impartial version of a Document designed to offer clear, concise material for rapid, easy assimilation, usually to clarify obscure or involved argument. Comment, interpretation, implications, or opinion may also be included, but should be identified as such. See also: Report.
Precision refers to the number of relevant items retrieved as a proportion (per cent) of the total number of retrieved items in an Information collection. See also: Recall.
Predictive analytics is the use of relevant software for the Analysis of large data collections employing statistics, Neural networks, decision trees, Visualization, pattern-matching algorithms, Data mining, Artificial intelligence, and similar techniques (concerning, for example, the demand for products or services, customer behavior, business transactions, and market dynamics) in order to suggest decisions for optimum results. Applications include: brand management, campaign enhancement, cost reduction, customer support, fraud detection, investment, just-in-time inventory control, process improvement, product or service differentiation, and risk management. See also: Algorithm, Data warehousing, Decision tree, Informetrics, Just-in-time manufacturing, Portfolio analysis, Product differentiation.
Premium market is one in which the market leader has more than 41.7% of the Market and at least 1.7 times the share of the second company. See also: Market share.
Pretexting refers to a specific form of Deception in which the perpetrator acquires personal (usually finance-related) information through false pretences - that is, by making false statements, through misrepresentation, or by fraud - and subsequently uses it for some form of gain, or to avoid legal process. See also: Social engineering.
Privatization is the partial or total sale of government business to the private sector. See also: Corporatization.
Product differentiation is that which makes a company’s products different from those of its competitors. See also: Market, Predictive analytics.
Production network is formed when two or more enterprises cooperate in the production of goods by making the best use of their combined resources and skills, including people, production capability, technology, and Information. In this way the enterprises are able to achieve a level and range of production necessary to enter new markets. See also: Alliances, Cluster, Joint venture, Lead-firm network, Market, Networking, Service network, Strategic alliance.
Professional associations comprise groups of people concerned with a particular craft, trade, profession, or industry. See also: Networking.
Professional services automation (PSA), see Enterprise resource planning (ERP).
Proposal is a Document used to seek approval for a specific course of action. Its content should normally:describe the aim or purpose, and the anticipated benefits;
outline the means of achievement;
nominate the individuals responsible for carrying it out;
list the needed resources;
note any constraints;
provide an accurate estimate of the cost and time to completion.
Proprietary information, see Trade secret.
Prospective hindsight is a technique for evaluating the effect a likely future event may have upon the organization. Results may be achieved by comparing the probable reasons why an event may take place with the reasons why it did take place - by assuming that the event has already occurred. Alternatively, an ideal outcome may be proposed and, by working backwards, the optimum means of achieving that outcome may be extrapolated. See also: Scenario analysis, Scenario planning.
Proximity operators are used in full-text searching to identify semantic or contextual relationships between words in a Document. They enable a searcher to specify where one term in a document must be in relation to another term: for instance, adjacent to, within a certain number of words, or in the same sentence or paragraph. See also: Boolean algebra.
Psychographics refers to the attempt to evaluate the purchasing intentions of consumers from a study of their emotional and psychological responses to qualitative surveys. The aim is to match standard demographic Data (such as age, income, marital status, socio-economic group) to more amorphous characteristics (such as values, interests, self-image). See also: Market intelligence.
Push technology, currently referred to as Personalization, is a colloquialism for Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI).